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Socialist Republic of Vietnam Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam

GEOGRAPHY

Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, alongside China, Laos, and Cambodia

Map references: Southeast Asia

Area: total: 329,560 sq. km land: 325,360 sq. km water: 4,200 sq. km Land boundaries: total: 4,639 km border countries: Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km

Coastline: 3,444 km (excludes islands)

Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate: tropical in south; monsoon in north with hot, rainy season (mid-May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-October to mid-March)

Terrain: low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest

Elevation extremes:
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Ngoc Linh 3,143 m

Natural resources: phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, forests, hydropower

Land use: arable land: 17% permanent crops: 4% permanent pastures: 1% forests and woodland: 30% other: 48% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: 18,600 sq. km (1993 est.)

Natural hazards: occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding

 

PEOPLE Population: 78,773,873 (July 2000 est.) Population growth rate: 1.49% (2000 est.)

Birth rate: 21.62 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)

Death rate: 6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 31.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)

Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.27 years male: 66.84 years female: 71.87 years (2000 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.53 children born/woman (2000 est.)

Ethnic groups: Vietnamese 85%-90%, Chinese 3%, Muong, Tai, Meo, Khmer, Man, Cham

Religions: Buddhist, Taoist, Roman Catholic, indigenous beliefs, Muslim, Protestant, Cao Dai, Hoa Hao

Languages: Vietnamese (official), Chinese, English, French, Khmer,Tay

COUNTRY& GOVERNMENT

Country name: conventional long form: Socialist Republic of Vietnam local long form: Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam Capital: Hanoi National Anthem: Quoc Ca Slogan: Independent-Freedom-Happiness

Administrative divisions: 58 provinces (tinh)),and 3 CITY*; An Giang, Bac Giang, Bac Kan, Bac Lieu, Bac Ninh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan, Ca Mau, Can Tho, Cao Bang, Dac Lac, Da Nang, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Giang, Hai Duong, Hai Phong*, Ha Nam, Ha Noi*, Ha Tay, Ha Tinh, Hoa Binh, Ho Chi Minh*, Hung Yen, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Nam Dinh, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu Tho, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Long, Vinh Phuc, Yen Bai

National holiday: Independence Day, 2 September (1945), Victory day 30 April (1975)

First President : Ho Chi Minh 

chief of state: President Tran Duc LUONG (since 24 September 1997) and Vice President Nguyen Thi BINH (since NA October 1992)
head of government: Prime Minister Phan Van KHAI (since 25 September 1997); First Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Tan DUNG (since 29 September 1997); Deputy Prime Ministers Nguyen Cong TAN (since 29 September 1997), Nguyen Manh CAM (since 29 September 1997), and Pham Gia KHIEM (since 29 September 1997)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister and ratification of the National Assembly
elections: president elected by the National Assembly from among its members for a five-year term; election last held 25 September 1997 (next to be held when National Assembly meets following legislative elections in NA 2002); prime minister appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by the prime minister
election results: Tran Duc LUONG elected president; percent of National Assembly vote 

Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Quoc-Hoi (450 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 20 July 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - CPV 92%, other 8% (the 8% are not CPV members but are approved by the CPV to stand for election); seats by party - CPV or CPV-approved 450

Political parties and leaders: only party - Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV :NONG DUC MANH, General secretary(Since April 2001)

 

ECONOMY GDP : $30.8 billion ,$395 Per capita

Table 1 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT YEAR 1990-2000

ITEMS UNIT 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000(EST) Population 1,000 pers 65,972 67,170 68,368 69,566 70,764 71,962 73,160 74,350 75,556 76,750 78,000 GDP per capita 1,000 VND 636 1,142 1,617 1,963 2,523 3,181 3,718 4,218 4,778 5,211 5,641 Exchange rate VND/USD 5,133 9,274 11,150 10,640 10,978 11,100 11,500 12,938 13,980 14,000 14,280 GDP Million USD 8,174 8,271 9,913 12,836 16,263 20,621 23,655 24,241 25,824 28,567 30,812 GDP per capita USD 124 123 145 185 230 287 323 326 342 372 395 Gross Domestic Product Billion VND 41,955 76,707 110,535 136,571 178,530 228,891 272,037 313,624 361,016 399,942 440,000 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Billion VND 16,252 31,058 37,513 40,796 51,230 62,219 75,514 80,826 93,072 101,724 110,000  - Agriculture, Forestry Billion VND 14,982 28,786 34,388 36,789 46,240 55,555 65,743 70,696 81,474 89,073 96,400  - Fishing Billion VND 1,270 2,272 3,125 4,007 4,990 6,664 9,771 10,130 11,598 12,651 13,600 Industry & Construction Billion VND 9,513 18,252 30,135 39,472 52,840 65,819 80,877 100,595 117,299 137,959 150,000  - Industry Billion VND 7,900 15,149 23,956 29,371 39,280 50,027 63,111 80,072 96,441 116,195 123,600  - Construction Billion VND 1,613 3,103 6,179 10,101 13,560 15,792 17,766 20,523 20,858 21,764 26,400 Service Billion VND 16,190 27,397 42,887 56,303 74,460 100,853 115,646 132,203 150,645 160,259 180,000  - Transport , port Billion VND 1,235 2,860 4,662 6,036 7,320 9,117 10,390 12,418 14,076 15,305 16,900  - Trade Billion VND 5,055 9,742 15,281 17,549 25,280 37,491 43,125 48,914 55,783 59,322 67,200  - Finance, Banking,  Insurance Billion VND 900 1,108 1,567 2,318 3,570 4,604 5,148 5,444 6,274 6,768 7,400  - Administration, science education Billion VND 3,400 5,527 8,178 12,550 17,160 20,213 23,301 26,115 30,030 32,219 36,800  - Others Billion VND 5,600 8,160 13,199 17,850 21,130 29,428 33,682 39,312 44,482 46,645 51,700

Source: GSO - MPI updating by Prof.Dr.Nuyen Quang Thai,September 2000

Budget:
revenues: $5.6 billion
expenditures: $6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.7 billion (1996 est.)

Industries: food processing, garments, shoes, machine building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, coal, steel, paper

Industrial production growth rate: 10.3% (1999 est.)

Electricity - production: 20.62 billion kWh (1998)

Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 12.95% hydro: 87.05% Electricity - consumption: 19.177 billion kWh (1998)

Agriculture - products: paddy rice, corn, potatoes, rubber, soybeans, coffee, tea, bananas; poultry, pigs; fish

Exports: $11.5 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Exports - commodities: crude oil, marine products, rice, coffee, rubber, tea, garments, shoes

Exports - partners: Japan, Germany, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, France, South Korea, US, China

Imports: $11.6 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Table 2 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

ITEMS Unit 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Annual Growth rate 1996-1999 Gross output of agriculture (in VND 1994 price) Bill.VND 82,307 86,489 92,530 96,103 102,933 4.40%   - Cultivation Bill.VND 66,183 69,620 74,493 77,298 82,946 4.50%   - Livestock Bill.VND 13,629 14,347 15,465 16,204 17,337 4.80%   - Services Bill.VND 2,495 2,522 2,572 2,600 2,650 1.20% Gross output of food crops 1,000 tons 27,571 29,218 30,618 31,854 34,254 4.10% Food per capita kg/pers 383 399 412 422 446 2.80% Coffee 1,000 tons 218 317 421 409 450 9.20% Rubber 1,000 tons 125 143 187 225 240 13.90% Tee 1,000 tons 40.2 46.8 52.2 56.6 64.7 8.40% Pepper 1,000 tons 9.3 10.5 13.0 15.9 17.8 14.10% Coconut 1,000 tons 1,165 1,318 1,318 1,106 1,134 -3.70% Pig 1,000 Heads 16,306 16,922 17,636 18,132 18,886 2.80% Gross Output of Forestry (in VND 1994's price) Bill.VND 5,034 5,630 5,448 5,257 5,415 -1.00% Concentrated reforestation 1,000 Ha 210 203 2,222 209 211 1.00% Gross Output of Fishery(in VND 1994's price) Bill.VND 12,524 15,370 13,644 16,920 17,425 3.20% Sea Products 1,000 tons 1,584 1,701 1,730 1,782 1,882 2.60%

Source: GSO - MPI updating by Prof.Dr.Nuyen Quang Thai,September 2000

Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer, steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles

Imports - partners: Singapore, South Korea, Japan, France, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, Sweden

Debt - external: $7.3 billion Western countries; $4.5 billion CEMA debts primarily to Russia; $9 billion to $18 billion nonconvertible debt (former CEMA, Iraq, Iran)

Economic aid - recipient: $2 billion in credits and grants pledged by international donors for 1999 and again for 2000

Currency:  Dong

Exchange rates: new dong (D) per US$1 - 14,550(April 2001) 14,0200 (January 2000), 13,900 (December 1998), 11,100 (December 1996), 11,193 (1995 average), 11,000 (October 1994), 10,800 (November 1993)

Chieldren enjoys with their product Villager plan to field

Villager enjoys with their harvesting

Some they damage with flood

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